ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF INTERALVEOLAR CAPILLARIES UNDER ACUTE PHYSICAL LOAD

Abstract

The article presents information about the study of the damage characteristics to interalveolar capillaries under the influence of a physical load. The study was conducted on 5-10-month-old male white rats of unknown strain, sexually mature, with a body mass of 120-150 grams. A total of 30 experimental animals were used, 10 of which formed the control group. The animals were exposed to the influence of a physical load (a 3-hour running on a rotating wheel). Based on complex anatomical, histochemical, electrohistochemical and ultramicroscopic studies, the modal changes in the respiratory part of the lungs under acute physical load regimen were studied. The quantitative data were processed using mathematical statistical methods in Microsoft Excel XP. The findings of this study revealed that the structural changes observed in the lungs post-physical load were directly linked to alterations in the ultrastructural state of the capillaries. Specifically, variations in the functional activity of different capillary types resulted in distinct changes to their walls. Compared to the "normal" state, the ultrastructure of the interalveolar capillaries showed notable alterations. The most consistent sign of change in the alveolar-capillary barrier during acute physical load was an increase in permeability across all its components, characterized by diffuse edema and the enlargement of vesicular and vacuolar elements in both the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelial cells.