RELEVANCE OF THE TIMELY DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS USING THE NOVEL MARKERS OF RENAL DAMAGE

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study on the detection of kidney injury in low birth weight newborns with ischemic nephropathy (IN) using novel biomarkers of kidney damage, namely KIM-1 and NGAL. The sensitivity and specificity of these biomarkers were compared with plasma creatinine and renal artery resistance index using ROC analysis. Blood and urine samples were taken from 150 newborns, including 72 newborns with IN (36 with IN 1, 20 with IN 2, and 16 with IN 3) and 50 newborns in the control group. During the study, it was found that creatinine levels significantly increased in subgroup 1A of the main group compared to the control group (p<0.05) only by 7-10 days of life. The sensitivity and specificity of creatinine in subgroup 1A were lower than those of KIM-1 and NGAL, and the AUC was <0.5 at p>0.05. In subgroups with IN 2 and 3, the sensitivity and specificity of creatinine increased (p<0.05), indicating that creatinine can only be used in neonatal practice during severe stages of the disease and is not a sensitive and specific marker of kidney injury in low birth weight newborns. In contrast to creatinine, the levels of KIM-1 and NGAL biomarkers in all 3 subgroups significantly exceeded those in the control group (p<0.05) from the first days of life, and the sensitivity and specificity indicators were high, indicating their high diagnostic value. Overall, the study suggests that KIM-1 and NGAL biomarkers are better indicators of kidney injury in low birth weight newborns with IN compared to creatinine.