THE PREVALENCE OF DENTAL ANOMALIES AND NON-CARIOUS DENTAL LESIONS IN CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION, BASED ON COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study of the prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies and non-carious dental lesions among children with intellectual disability. A total of 236 children with intellectual disability aged 6-16 years (the main group) and 226 healthy children of the same age were examined. The children in the main group were divided into three age subgroups: Group I (6-8 years old), n=38; Group II (9-11 years old), n=96; and Group III (12-16 years old), n=102. The prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies in the main group was significantly higher than in the control group by 3.2 times (p<0.001). Non-carious dental lesions were also more prevalent in the main group, including enamel hypoplasia (4.7 times, p<0.001) and dental fluorosis (3.2 times, p<0.001). Subgroup analysis among children with intellectual disability revealed the following results: Group I (6-8 years old) – dentoalveolar anomalies (5.6 times, p<0.001), enamel hypoplasia (2.8 times, p<0.001), and dental fluorosis (5.26 times, p<0.001). In Group II (9-11 years old), dentoalveolar anomalies were increased by 2.6 (p<0.001), enamel hypoplasia by 2.9 (p<0.001), and dental fluorosis by 1.3 times (p<0.001). Group III (12-16 years old) demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies (3.8 times, p<0.001) compared with the control group. Psychosomatic disorders may be considered a significant risk factor in the pathogenesis of dentoalveolar anomalies and non-carious dental lesions in children with intellectual disability.