RISK FACTORS AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF ENDOMETRIAL POLYPS

Abstract

The article presents data an investigation aimed at evaluating the major risk factors and clinical characteristics of endometrial polyps (EP) in women. A total of 54 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of EP were enrolled between June 2023 and May 2024. The mean age of the participants was 46,0±1,7 years, and the average body mass index (BMI) was 23,5 ± 3,4 kg/m². The median parity was 2 (range: 0 to 6). Among all participants, 25 women (46,3%) received hormonal therapy, while 29 (53,7%) were monitored. under an expectant management approach without pharmacological intervention. Regression of EP was observed in 28 patients, accounting for 51,9% of the cohort. Notably, the most significant positive outcome was recorded among patients undergoing hormonal treatment — 22 out of 28 women (78,6%) showed regression. In contrast, spontaneous regression occurred in only 6 patients (20,7%) in the expectant management group. Based on the obtained findings, hysteroscopic polypectomy remains the standard treatment for EP. However, conservative observation may be a reasonable and justified approach for asymptomatic premenopausal women, especially when regression-favoring factors are present. The main predictors of spontaneous or medically induced regression of polyps included patient age (≤50 years) and the use of hormonal therapy. Women in this group demonstrated a higher sensitivity to conservative treatment and therefore represent an optimal population for first-line hormonal therapy.