IMMUNOPATHOGENETIC ASPECTS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS AND FOOD ALLERGY: MODERN CONCEPTS AND PROSPECTS

Abstract

The article presents data from a study conducted to investigate changes in the levels of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6) in the blood serum of patients with food allergy accompanied by chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP), as well as to assess their possible pathogenetic role and their relationship with the levels of IgE and secretory IgA immunoglobulins. The levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and total IgE were examined in the blood serum of 87 patients aged 18–45 years with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) and 17 healthy donors. The concentration of sIgA in the oral fluid was also determined. The study revealed significant changes in immune system activity in patients with CGP associated with food allergy, accompanied by the activation of both systemic and local inflammatory-allergic mechanisms. The results showed significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6), total IgE, and sIgA levels. According to the authors, the increase in sIgA concentration is a manifestation of an adaptive immune response aimed at enhancing the barrier function of the mucous membrane and preventing further penetration of antigens. The identified immunological changes indicate a complex pathogenetic relationship between inflammation and allergic mechanisms. Thus, taking into account the impact of food allergy on the intensity and course of inflammatory processes in periodontitis, it is important to consider the patient's allergic status and immune response characteristics when developing individualized therapeutic strategies.