THE EFFECT OF BISPHENOL A ON THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF INTERNAL ORGANS

Abstract

This article represents a scientific literature analysis bisphenol A (BPA) influence data on the structure and function of internal organs, including infertility, metabolic disorders, oncogenesis, pulmonary fibrosis, and others. BPA is a xenoestrogen and has estrogen-mimetic properties disrupting the function of estrogen-dependent organs primarily. It is known, that BPA is able to influence the ovarian follicular reserve formation by changing anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 and proapoptotic factor BAX expression. Moreover, BPA has an effect on the endometrial stromal cell's proliferative activity by initiating hypomethylation of genes CpG sites, as well as by reducing the CCND2 mRNA expression. It should be noted a positive correlation between the BPA concentration and decrease of the testosterone level in rat males was established. The BPA dose-dependent effect on sperm quality is realized through the sperm apoptosis activation by Ca2+/CaM/CaMKIIdependent and PERK/eIF2a/chop-dependent signaling pathways, besides through the impact on the mitochondria membrane potential, and increasing the free Ca 2+ intracellular concentration in sperm. BPA can influence on the thyroid gland by binding to its receptors and affecting the thyroid hormone homeostasis in vitro. It is determined, that BPA slows down the lung maturation during the prenatal period in mice; it leads to gradual fibrosis development, as well as the alveolocytes type I differentiation and repair processes disruption.