RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF STOMA-RELATED COMPLICATIONS

Abstract

The article presents the results of a retrospective study on the factors leading to parastomal complications. The study included the results of a retrospective analysis of the medical history of 120 patients who underwent colostomy and ileostomy during 2021-2023. Risk factors, emergency or planned surgery, reasons for stoma opening, stoma types and complications were recorded and reviewed. Of the 120 patients who underwent stoma placement, 78 (65%) were male and 42 (35%) were female, and their mean age was 52.8±12.6 years. Colostomies were most often placed due to colonic obstruction (76%), while ileostomies were mainly placed to protect the created colo-colo, colo-recto anastomoses (preventive ileostomy) (68%), and the percentage of ileostomies placed for other purposes was 32%. The most common types of stoma were terminal colostomy (60%), combined colostomy (16%), and terminal and combined ileostomy (24%). Up to 48% of patients experienced these or other complications. There was no statistically significant difference between the incidence of stoma complications observed after planned and emergency operations. The most common complications of surgical intervention were periostitis (63%), infection (26%), parastomal hernia, and stoma prolapse (7%). The highest complication rate was observed in patients with combined colostomy (52%). According to the authors, mortality and complications in patients with stomas can be reduced by strictly adhering to the principles of surgery, regularly monitoring patients with stomas, and educating patients (stoma care rules).